Comparing Pillow Moss and Sphagnum Moss: Which Is Better?
When it comes to choosing a type of moss for the garden, it can be difficult to know which is best. Pillow Moss and Sphagnum Moss may seem similar but there are distinct differences between them that can affect their suitability to certain growing conditions. In this article we’ll look at the morphological, cultural and cost-benefit characteristics of both plants, as well as their uses and care considerations, in order to determine which type of moss is most beneficial for general use.
Understanding the Different Types of Moss
Pillow Moss (Fernspora crustacea) is a plant species belonging to the Bryidae family and is found mainly in temperate and boreal climates such as North America, Europe, and Asia. It has an extremely dainty, feather-like appearance and is among the smallest vascular plants.
The moss also has philoblastic growth, meaning that division takes place throughout the life of the plant and can often be identified by its tightly packed cushion-like form.
On the other hand, Sphagnum Moss (commonly referred to as just “moss”) is one of the most abundant genera on Earth with over 400 species. The plant lives in areas with wet climates, generally in wetlands, bogs, and swamps.
This species can be identified by its clumped growth habit, which creates distinctive mats or cushions. Its growth form is called dioecious and reproduces via specialized structures called sporophytes.
Morphological Features of Pillow Moss
Pillow Moss is usually found growing on rocks or near bodies of water. The plant stems are thin and wiry with small leaves that are asymmetrically arranged. It grows in a flat, prostrate manner with stems branching out from a single root. The growth form might be feathery or decumbent depending on the species type.
The leaves are lance-shaped and tend to be small, measuring between 1-5 mm in length. They are often glossy and shiny in appearance as well as being hairless.
The plant’s coloration can range from light green to yellowish-brown and it often produces black dots which act as self-fertilizers. Additionally, when conditions are right, Pillow Moss will produce tiny capsule fruits during summer months which are spread by the wind.
Morphological Features of Sphagnum Moss
Sphagnum Moss typically thrives in acidic conditions like muck bogs or fens and develops in large mats which can grow up to several metres tall. The stems are pyramid shaped and are composed of several layers of cells which provide buoyancy and help prevent the plants from sinking into muddy or marshy substrate.
The leaves are longer than pillow moss, measuring up to 10 mm in length, although some species can be even longer. They appear slightly hairy with a glossy sheen due to their waxy coating. The main color is green, but other colors such as brown or red can be seen depending on the species type.
Similar to Pillow Moss, Sphagnum Moss produces capsule fruits during the summer months which aid its dispersal.
Cultural Requirements for Growing Pillow Moss
Pillow Moss prefers moderately moist conditions which are shaded from direct sunlight, ideally with acidic soils that are high in organic matter or peat moss. It should also be planted in well-draining, lean soils that are high in sand or gravel as these materials assist with aeration and prevent water from collecting around its thin root systems.
As with all Mosses, Pillow Moss requires ample moisture throughout the year and should not be allowed to dry out completely, otherwise the plant will go dormant. During hot climates the soil should be kept damp and misted with water if necessary. It should also be protected from heavy winds, as this can cause it to turn brown and brittle.
Cultural Requirements for Growing Sphagnum Moss
Sphagnum moss prefers constantly wet conditions and acidic soils like most peatlands and wetlands have naturally. The plant needs ample moisture at all times, so if it’s planted in dry conditions it should be misted frequently or watered with a long sprayer attachment.
The soil should also be slightly acidic and rich in organic matter for optimal growth. Sphagnum Moss enjoys slightly cooler temperatures than Pillow Moss, so it should be shaded from direct sunlight due to its thin leaves and weak cell walls.
Benefits of Pillow Moss
Pillow Moss has several benefits for gardeners and landscapers alike. As a low-demand ground cover, it requires little maintenance and only needs to be watered occasionally. It is also very hardy and can tolerate a wide range of temperatures and soil types.
Due to its low profile, it provides a great way to fill in awkward spaces and areas where other plants may struggle to survive. The plant has a very striking appearance due to its unique feathery leaves and its minimal care requirements make it a great choice for gardeners with limited time.
Benefits of Sphagnum Moss
There are several advantages to using Sphagnum Moss in the garden. Firstly, it is a superb soil conditioner which helps retain moisture in the soil for longer periods of time. As a result, it is ideal for bog gardens or areas with poorly draining soils.
Sphagnum moss also has antibacterial properties which make it beneficial when used as a mulch around other plants in the garden. The mulch helps regulate soil temperatures, prevents weed growth, and holds onto moisture much better than regular compost.
Finally, Sphagnum Moss is an excellent source of food for many insects like spiders, ladybugs, and centipedes which help to protect other plants from pests.
Uses for Pillow Moss
Pillow Moss can be used in many ways around the garden or landscape. Its dainty appearance makes it an ideal choice for rock gardens or alpine gardens as an interesting ground cover species. It’s also perfect for areas with minimal foot traffic, such as along pathways or walkways.
The plant is also an excellent choice for creating hanging baskets or containers as it’s very lightweight and doesn’t need as much water or regular maintenance as other plants. Pilow moss also works well in living wall systems as it helps insulate against temperature variations.
Uses for Sphagnum Moss
Sphagnum moss is probably best known for its water-retention qualities. As it is able to hold onto moisture up to twenty times its own weight, it is ideal for use in gardens that are prone to drying out quickly due to low organic matter or poor drainage.
The plant can also be used as a mulch for other garden plants, as mentioned previously. Combined with rich composts it provides an excellent habitat for beneficial insects and organisms which can help keep away damaging pests.
Sphagnum moss also works well in watered containers such as planters and hanging baskets as long as they are kept moist at all times.
Comparing the Cost of Pillow and Sphagnum Mosses
When it comes to cost comparison between Pillow Moss and Sphagnum Moss, it ultimately boils down to personal preference. Both plants are widely available at local garden centres and online stores. They can be bought in various sizes depending on an individual’s needs; but generally speaking both mosses tend to be relatively inexpensive.
Care Considerations for Growing Both Types of Mosses
As previously mentioned, both Pillow Moss and Sphagnum Moss require moist conditions at all times to prevent desiccation of the leaves. In very dry climates either species may go dormant during periods without supplemental watering.
Due to their sensitivity to light, both types should preferrably be grown in lightly shaded areas where they will receive indirect sunlight only during the hottest periods of the day. They should also be spaced out adequately when planted together so that they don’t compete for resources.
Summary: Which Type of Moss Is Best?
When it comes to deciding which type of moss is best suited to a particular area, it largely depends on what conditions they need as well as personal preference. Pillow Moss requires more regular watering than Sphagnum moss and will struggle in hotter climates; whereas Sphagnum mugo has greater water retention capabilities but prefers slightly cooler temperatures.
For general use, both types of moss have their advantages; however Pillow moss usually provides quicker ground coverage due to its trailing growth habit and might be better suited in accent spots where its dainty appearance will really stand out. Alternatively Sphagnum moss would make an excellent choice for bog gardens that need consistent moisture levels or as a form of ground cover in areas with poor drainage.
